![]() ![]() The sweat “circles” were approximately oval in shape, and the total moist area was estimated from measuring the vertical and horizontal diameters of these “circles.” The volunteers were pretrained and confirmed to properly perform the sweat circle measurements in a standardized manner and to wear a standardized 100% cotton shirt. Sweating was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the size of sweat “circles” (wet areas) produced on the axillary area of cotton exercise shirts immediately after physical activity. The study conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines, and had IRB approval. The evaluation of the effect of copper chloride on axillary sweating was conducted as a controlled, clinical trial. Therefore, we addressed the question: does copper chloride possess antiperspirant action? Since the commercialization of modern antiperspirants, many studies have been published on the efficacy of aluminum-based antiperspirant formulations, but there are no published papers of copper chloride in terms of antiperspirant efficacy. ![]() Regarding modern scientific antiperspirant preparations, these were originally based on, and remain based on, aluminum compounds, not copper compounds. Despite copper's ancient and premodern history of topical skin usage, the modern scientific utilization of topically applied copper compounds is limited. ![]() Copper compounds have been used for more than 4000 years for human cosmetic and topical “medical-dermatological” purposes. ![]()
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